Titration Calculator

Quantitative Analytical Chemistry & Titration Principles

Volumetric Titration measures the volume of a reagent of known concentration required to react completely with a measured volume of the substance being analyzed.

Primary Titration Equations

• General Balanced Reaction: aTitrant + bAnalyte Products

• Equivalence Point Stoichiometry:

(M_1 × V_1) / (a) = (M_2 × V_2) / (b)

• Unknown Analyte Molarity (M_2):

M_2 = (M_1 × V_1 × b) / (V_2 × a)

• Moles Reacted:

n_1 = M_1 × ((V_1) / (1000)), n_2 = n_1 × ((b) / (a))

• Mass Concentration:

C_g/L = M_2 × Molar Mass (MW)

How to Use This Calculator

Enter your Titrant Concentration (M₁ — mol/L) (e.g. 0.100 in M), Titrant Volume at Equivalence (V₁ — mL) (e.g. 24.50 in mL), Analyte Sample Volume (V₂ — mL) (e.g. 25.00 in mL), Titrant Stoichiometric Coefficient (a) (e.g. 1), Analyte Stoichiometric Coefficient (b) (e.g. 1), and Analyte Molar Mass (g/mol — optional) (e.g. 36.46 for HCl in g/mol). Results update instantly as you type — adjust any value to compare scenarios.

The Formula

Formula Reference: Titration Calculator

Input variables:

titrantMolarityM1 — Titrant Concentration (M₁ — mol/L)

titrantVolumeV1Ml — Titrant Volume at Equivalence (V₁ — mL)

analyteVolumeV2Ml — Analyte Sample Volume (V₂ — mL)

titrantStoichCoeffA — Titrant Stoichiometric Coefficient (a)

analyteStoichCoeffB — Analyte Stoichiometric Coefficient (b)

Computed outputs:

unknownAnalyteMolarityM2 — Unknown Analyte Concentration (M₂)

analyteConcentrationGramsPerLiter — Analyte Concentration (g/L)

molesTitrantConsumed — Moles of Titrant Consumed (n₁)

molesAnalyteNeutralized — Moles of Analyte Neutralized (n₂)

totalSolutionVolumeMl — Combined Equivalence Volume

Mathematical relationships extracted from calculation logic:

m2 = safeDiv(m1 v1 b, v2 * a)

moles1 = m1 * safeDiv(v1, 1000)

moles2 = moles1 * safeDiv(b, a)

concGL = m2 * mw

totalVol = v1 + v2

Standard: NIST / ISO mathematical definitions

Worked Example

Titrating a 25.0 mL sample of hydrochloric acid with 24.5 mL of standard 0.100 M sodium hydroxide reveals the acid's concentration is exactly 0.0980 M.

Understanding Your Result

Percentages are relative values — context determines what is "good" or "bad." A 50% discount is significant; a 50% failure rate is alarming. Percentage change and percentage points are different: moving from 4% to 5% is a 1 percentage point increase, but a 25% relative increase. When comparing percentages across different base values, always check whether absolute differences are meaningful — a 10% improvement on a large base creates more absolute value than 10% on a small base.