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Kilowatts and Refrigeration Tons Converter

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### Central Plant HVAC & Industrial Chiller Engineering In large commercial complexes, hospitals, and campus district cooling systems, cooling capacity is specified interchangeably in **Tons of.

Reviewed by Sheraz Share · BSCS
Last updated:
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Input Values

📊 Results

Primary Converted Result
100 TR = 351.6853 kW thermal (1,200,000 BTU/hr)
Thermal Cooling Power (kW)
351.6853 kW
Refrigeration Capacity (TR / Tons)
100.00 TR
Heat Extraction Rate (BTU/hr)
1,200,000.0 BTU/hr
Chilled Water Flow Rate (10°F ΔT)
~240 GPM (~15.1 L/s @ 10°F / 5.6°C ΔT)
Estimated Compressor Electrical Draw
~55.0 kW electric (~0.55 kW/ton)
System Coefficient of Performance (COP)
6.39 COP (21.8 EER)
Central Chiller Plant & Energy Diagnostic
Thermal Capacity: 100.00 TR = 351.69 kW thermal = 1,200,000 BTU/hr. At standard 10°F ΔT, evaporator chilled water loop requires ~240 GPM (15.1 L/s). For selected chiller plant (0.55 kW/ton, COP ~6.39), estimated compressor electrical draw is ~55.0 kW electric. 1 TR = 3.51685 kW.
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📐 Formula

Thermodynamic conversion formulas between Kilowatts thermal (\(kW\)) and Tons of Refrigeration (\(TR\)): _thermal = Tons (TR) × 3.5168528 of Refrigeration (TR) = kW_thermal3.5168528 = kW_thermal × 0.284345 water loop and chiller efficiency formulas: - **Chilled Water Flow (GPM)**: \(GPM = 24 × TonsΔ T\ (^ F)\) (typically \(2.4 GPM/ton\) at \(10^ F\ Δ T\)) - **Coefficient of Performance (COP)**: \(COP = (3.51685 ÷ kW/ton)\) - **Electrical Compressor Power**: \(kW_electric = Tons × kW/ton\)

💡 Practical Example

For example, a central chiller plant rated at 100 Tons of Refrigeration (TR): \. This extracts \, requires an evaporator water flow of \(\mathbf{240\text{ GPM}}\), and for a high-efficiency water-cooled centrifugal chiller, draws approximately \(\mathbf{55.0\text{ kW}}\)$ of electrical power (COP 6.39).

📖 About Kilowatts and Refrigeration Tons Converter

Central Plant HVAC & Industrial Chiller Engineering

In large commercial complexes, hospitals, and campus district cooling systems, cooling capacity is specified interchangeably in Tons of Refrigeration (TR) (US customary) and Kilowatts thermal (kW) (international SI).

Chiller Plant Efficiency Metrics

  • kW/ton: Standard US metric representing electrical kilowatts consumed per ton of cooling delivered. Lower numbers mean higher efficiency.
  • COP (Coefficient of Performance): Dimensionless ratio of thermal cooling output divided by electrical power input).
  • EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio): \ produced per Watt consumed).

Standard Chiller Configurations

  • Water-Cooled Centrifugal Chiller: Highly efficient. Employs cooling towers to reject heat at wet-bulb temperatures.
  • Air-Cooled Screw/Scroll Chiller: Self-contained outdoor units. No cooling tower required, ideal for water-scarce regions.
  • Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF): Highly flexible zoned heat recovery.

How to Use This Calculator

Enter Conversion Direction, Cooling / Chiller Capacity Value, HVAC Chiller Plant Configuration into the input fields and the calculator will instantly compute Primary Converted Result, Thermal Cooling Power (kW). All calculations happen in real time — no submission or page reload required. You can adjust any input value and see the result update immediately.

Understanding Your Result

The Kilowatts and Refrigeration Tons Converter result gives you a precise, calculated value based on the inputs you provide. Compare your result against published benchmarks from NIST, BIPM, and ISO 80000 to assess where you stand. A single calculation is a useful starting point, but tracking this metric over time — as inputs change — gives you a much more complete picture.

Practical Application

The Kilowatts and Refrigeration Tons Converter is most useful when you have specific, real-world data to enter. For example: enter your actual Conversion Direction to calculate your primary converted result. The result helps engineers, scientists, students, and international traders make informed decisions about converting between measurement units for science, engineering, and commerce. This calculator is trusted by professionals and individuals alike because it follows the exact formulas validated by NIST, BIPM, and ISO

80000.

Accuracy Notes and Limitations

For legal or trade filings, verify conversions against official government or standards body references. The accuracy of any calculator is limited by the quality of the inputs provided. Double-check your units before entering values — unit errors are the most common source of incorrect results. For critical decisions, cross-reference with at least one additional source or professional consultation.

Frequently Used With

This calculator is often used alongside other conversion tools to build a complete analytical picture. Combining multiple related calculations provides stronger evidence for decisions than relying on any single metric. Browse the Conversion category to find complementary calculators for your specific use case.

💡 Methodological Standards & Calculation Accuracy

  • All calculations are performed client-side in your browser using verified, standards-compliant mathematical algorithms.
  • Results are provided for educational and informational analysis; verify critical applications with certified domain specialists.
  • Ensure input values are entered in consistent units matching the selector options to guarantee accurate outputs.
  • Periodic recalibration is recommended whenever baseline assumptions, operating parameters, or external conditions change.

Results are for informational and educational purposes only. Always verify critical decisions with a qualified professional.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many kW is 1 ton of refrigeration?

1 ton of refrigeration (1 TR) equals exactly 3.51685 kilowatts of thermal cooling capacity (3,516.85 Watts).

How do you convert thermal kW to tons of refrigeration?

Divide the thermal kilowatts by 3.51685 (or multiply by 0.284345). For example, 350 kW ÷ 3.51685 ≈ 99.52 TR.

What is the chilled water flow rate per ton?

At standard HVAC design conditions, the required flow is exactly 2.4 gallons per minute (GPM) per ton (approx 0.151 liters per second per ton).

What is a good kW/ton efficiency rating for a commercial chiller?

For water-cooled centrifugal chillers, 0.50 to 0.58 kW/ton is considered high efficiency. For air-cooled chillers, 0.95 to 1.15 kW/ton is typical.

Is thermal kW the same as electrical kW in chillers?

No. Thermal kW is the amount of heat energy removed from the building (cooling effect). Electrical kW is the electric energy consumed by the chiller compressor motor to remove that heat.

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